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Archeology Glorified Grave Robing

... and understand the ways of past societies. While the artifacts uncovered can be helpful in painting a picture of what the lives of past civilizations were like, the act of digging up such artifacts can be considered immoral. A person claiming to be conducting an archeological study in a present-day cemetery would most definitely be apprehended and punished for his actions. Cemeteries are considered sacred places, and those who violate the laws made to protect them will be punished for their actions. There is no difference between the af ...

Number of words: 245 | Number of pages: 1

Superconductivity

... electricity partially and they are called semi-conductors. The concept of electric transmission is very simple to understand. The wire that conducts the electric current is made of atoms which have equal numbers of protons and electrons making the atoms electrically neutral. If this balance is disturbed by gain or loss of electrons, the atoms will become electrically charged and are called ions. Electrons occupy energy states. Each level requires a certain amount of energy. For an electron to move to a higher level, it will require the right ...

Number of words: 1633 | Number of pages: 6

Forests And Oceans As Carbon Sinks

... ice sheet provides a long record of carbon dioxide concentrations. This is done by examining tiny bubbles of air in the ice core at different levels below the present ice surface. The deeper layers in the ice core correspond to times in the more distant past. The air bubbles can be analysed for the relative abundance of carbon dioxide to estimate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels at times extending back 160 000 years. Through the ice sheet, we know that 160 000 years ago, carbon dioxide concentrations were about 180 ppm and have p ...

Number of words: 1364 | Number of pages: 5

Docking With Mir

... astronauts have used the Russian training facility at the Cosmodrome to prepare for work on the Mir space station. We couldn't give up the hope of peace and freedom. Launch Day had arrived; June 29, 1995. During launch and ascent, there wasn't much to think about except the thrill of the ride. Then the tension rose. In less than thirty-six hours, they would have to close a gap of four thousand miles at an altitude of 245 miles while traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, only to have to move within three inches and two degrees of a qui ...

Number of words: 419 | Number of pages: 2

Chemical Bonding

... can probably surmise form from ions. Ions are made when an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion or loses an electron to form a positively charged ion. As an example of an ionic bond let's used the elements Cl and Na. First, we must understand that there is an attraction between them because one is positive and the other negative and that the Cl atom contains seven valence electrons and Na one. So, as the atoms bond the Na loses its valence electron and Cl gains it making its outer shell complete and it more stable. During this rea ...

Number of words: 442 | Number of pages: 2

Cleaning Up After The Exxon Valdez Was A Mistake

... are many types of crude oil, but in general they contain hundreds, even thousands of different compounds. Some are straight-chain hydrocarbons with carbon numbers ranging from 4 or 5 to 35 or more. Other hydrocarbons have branched chains with a wide range of carbon numbers. Aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and polynuclear hydrocarbons are substantially present. Other constituents include waxes and complex, high molecular weight asphaltenes. (Abelson) All of these substances and more are present in Prudhoe Bay crude oil. When ...

Number of words: 1317 | Number of pages: 5

Lift, Weight, Thrust And Drag

... is drag, which is a backward, or retarding, force that limits the speed of the airplane. Lift is the key aerodynamic force. It is the force that opposes weight. In straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight, when weight and lift are equal, an airplane is in a state of equilibrium. If the other aerodynamic factors remain constant, that airplane neither gains nor loses altitude. When an airplane is stationary on the ramp, it is also in equilibrium, but the aerodynamic forces are not a factor. In calm wind conditions, the atmosphere exerts eq ...

Number of words: 730 | Number of pages: 3

Devastation Of The Rain Forests

... include the loss of human life due to the lack of oxygen and the horrible living conditions. This terrible scenario would be the result of mankind's failure to cooperate and live in harmony with the environment, especially the rainforest of South America. In the end, the destruction of the rainforests will mean the destruction of mankind. The devastation of the rainforest may be compared to playing a game of Russian Roulette. One-forth of existing medicines comes from tropical plants whose homes are in the rainforests of South Amer ...

Number of words: 1653 | Number of pages: 7

Lead And The Environment

... America, Australia, Africa and Europe. In modern times, lead has found a wide range of uses, and world demand for lead and its products has steadily increased. Lead's usefulness stems from the metal's many desirable properties: softness, high density, low melting point, ability to block radiation, resistance to corrosion, readiness to form alloys and chemical compounds, and ease of recycling. Its versatility, as well as its physical and chemical properties, accounted for its extensive use. Lead can be rolled into sheets which can be made int ...

Number of words: 871 | Number of pages: 4

Endangered Species 3

... people see it. Once these species are gone, then they're gone forever. Many reasons are killing more and more species every year either from human activity or natural disaaters. One way or the other, species like the Silver-Back Gorilla or the Black-footed Ferret almost face extinction. Here is a list of endangered animals:Bottle Dolphin, Peacock, Wolf, Emperor Penguin, Koala, Reticulated Giraffe, Snowy Owl, and unfortunately hunderds of more. The death of these animals each year are all different and sometimes so simple. There are two diff ...

Number of words: 2194 | Number of pages: 8

The Big Bang

... — an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded. The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginni ...

Number of words: 1136 | Number of pages: 5

Fluorescence Study Of Dyes

... the emission intensity as a function of wavelength for excitation at a fixed wavelength. An absorption spectrum and an excitation spectrum are by their nature actually equivalent. The two dyes exhibit energy transfer properties. The donor is coumarin and the acceptor the fluorescein. When the donor is excited, it is naturally decaying to the ground state. However in presence of an acceptor, this process is enhanced trough energy transfer. We will distinguish between collisional energy transfer and dipole-dipole transfer. From here we ...

Number of words: 815 | Number of pages: 3

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