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Could Gambling Save Science: Encouraging An Honest Consensus

... is presented here. It offers clear incentives to be careful and honest while contributing to a visible, self-consistent consensus on controversial (or routine) scientific questions. In addition, it allows patrons to choose questions to be researched without choosing people or methods. The bulk of this paper is spent examining potential problems with the proposed approach. After this examination, the idea still seems plausible and worth further study. INTRODUCTION After reviewing the discrepancy between what we want from academi ...

Number of words: 16316 | Number of pages: 60

Lung Cancer 2

... be seen in a tumor. Squamous carcinoma is more common in smokers because it develops in the bronchi and spreads by invading local tissues, than to the lymph nodes and into the blood. Large - cell carcinoma is a tumor that is fairly larger than other types. They don’t form keratin but they are common in smokers. They develop in the central or peripheral part of the lungs and the lymph glands. Small cell carcinoma tumors are small and fragile. They are divided into groups by their shapes. The term “oat cell carcinoma” ...

Number of words: 1407 | Number of pages: 6

Spiders

... Spiders make up the order Araneae in the class Arachnida, which takes its name from the mythological character Arachne, a peasant girl who challenged the weaving skill of the goddess Athena. Arachne equaled Athena's skill in a contest, and in response to Athena's anger she hanged herself. In belated remorse Athena changed the body of Arachne into a spider and allowed her to retain her weaving skill. My first selection is the brown recluse spider. The brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) is a poisonous spider in in the United St ...

Number of words: 601 | Number of pages: 3

Coelacanths

... sometimes increased by chances. Until 1938 all were considered to be extinct; we thought the last coelacanth lived approximately 70 million years ago. In December of 1938, however, fishermen off the eastern coast of South Africa caught a living coelacanth. It was so similar to its ancient relatives that it was called a "living fossil." For years after this fortunate discovery, scientists searched for another living coelacanth. Finally, off the Comero Islands, north of Madagascar, they met with success. Since then, more than 200 specime ...

Number of words: 373 | Number of pages: 2

Geothermal Energy

... efficiency, it is very hard to dispose of the waste. While wind and solar power have no waste products, they require enormous amounts of land to produce any large amounts of energy. I believe that geothermal energy may be an alternative source of energy in the future. There are many things that we must take into consideration before geothermal energy can be a possibility for a human resource. I will be discussing some of these issues, questions, and problems. In the beginning when the solar system was young, the earth was still formin ...

Number of words: 4709 | Number of pages: 18

The Roswell Incident

... the unusual event was issued by the Commander of the 509th Bomb Group at Roswell Army Air Field, Colonel William Blanchard, who later went on to become a four-star general and Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. That the weather balloon story was a cover-up has been confirmed by individuals directly involved, including the late General Thomas DuBose, who took the telephone call from Washington, D.C. ordering the cover-up. Numerous other credible military and civilian witnesses have testified that the original press release wa ...

Number of words: 1146 | Number of pages: 5

Clubfoot

... but talipes equinovarus being the most common. Clubfeet occurs in approximately 1 in every 800-1000 babies, being twice as common in boys than girls. One or both feet may be affected. The history of clubfeet began as far back as 400 B.C. Hipocrates was the first to describe it. He used bandages to treat it. As time progressed so did the treatment methods. In about 1743 gentle stretching was recommended. During that same century, a mechanical device resembling a turnbuckle was used to help stretch the tendons. By this time wa ...

Number of words: 898 | Number of pages: 4

Genetic Engineering And Its Fu

... and reservations certain people and groups have. First, and most important some believe it is unethical to modify life. Changing life to service us is not morally wrong. It is not inhuman either. Of course, if you believe using animals for scientific research is morally wrong that's your belief, I am stating that genetically enhancing them to be better research specimens is not unethical. My reason behind this is that we don't just do research in order to infect and kill off the mice, we do it so one day we will have a cure for cancer a ...

Number of words: 1735 | Number of pages: 7

Artificial Insemination

... in a nutrient medium outside a woman's body, followed by implanting the fertilized egg into her uterus. In a third method the ovum is fertilized within one woman's uterus and then transferred to the body of another woman. Eggs can now also be removed from a woman's ovaries and placed in her fallopian tubes along with spermatozoa, thus allowing for normal fertilization. Many times anonomus donors are used. Donors can be matched by factors such as race, color of eyes, hair and other physical characteristics, and are screened for conditions such ...

Number of words: 636 | Number of pages: 3

Flouridation

... pg. 181). A strong uproar was heard when this was released and people wanted all fluorine out of their water. But later tests concluded that communities with high levels of fluorine in their drinking water suffered less dental cavities. Further testing concluded that at least 1.0 parts per million of fluorine could help to prevent cavities, but more than 1.5 PPM would cause mottled tooth, so basically a little fluorine would be okay but a lot of fluorine would be bad (Behrman 182). In 1938, with this information, Dr. Gerald Cox of the ...

Number of words: 1681 | Number of pages: 7

Adaptation Syndrome

... stage. In the A.R.S. this perception of a threatening situation caused by the brain sends biochemical messages to various parts of the body, resulting in bodily changes such as increased or irregular heart beats, shallow fast-breathing or muscle tension (refer to appendix xxx). It is this physical reactions that characterize this early stage is the GAS model. (Author, pg#). Dr. Selye preformed most of the early work on the adaptation syndrome. His experiments in general looked at harmful stimuli on the response of the body. In an expe ...

Number of words: 326 | Number of pages: 2

Effects Of Massage Theropy On The Central Nervous System

... The aim is (where possible) to identify scientifically validated claims of massage as well as to explore the probable or perceived benefits massage may have. In the words of Tritton, (1993) "claims about massage are sometimes outcomes of rigorous research, but more often-than-not, they are wishful thinking or hypotheses based on the anatomical structures and physiology of the body. ... unfortunately, there is very little to be found in the literature on the physiological effects of massage and very few scientific studies have been underta ...

Number of words: 1494 | Number of pages: 6

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