Part one of term paper
We think that we are all logical creatures, that we can attain truth by our logical reasoning, but historically, this has not been the case. Every scientific advance somehow “exemplifies the defective state of the art of reasoning of the time it was written.” (pg.62) Thus, we are not perfectly logical creatures, in fact, most of us are c ...

Part two of term paper
... this doubt. Peirce thinks that there are four essential methods for fixing our beliefs, and they are: 1. Method of Tenacity If all we need is a settled opinion, then why don't we just pick an answer that we like and just stick with it? This way of fixating belief is impossible, as we would have to live like hermits. Living in a social setting, our beliefs would be challenged by those that we interact with in our daily lives. 2. Method of Authority Once the state/church reaches a settled ...