Part one of term paper
gained popularity because many intellectuals, artists, and political thinkers in the late 19th century began to reject the philosophical emphasis on rationality and progress that had emerged from the 18th-century movement the Enlightenment. These two trends had many effects. For example, new forms of popular racism and nationalism arose tha ...

Part two of term paper
... I showed that rationality and progress were not inherent in humanity, and that a radically new direction had to be taken by Western civilization if it was to survive. World War I also aroused intense patriotism that continued after the war. Popular enthusiasm for such movements was especially strong in Germany and Italy, which had only become nation-states in the 19th century and whose parliamentary traditions were weak. is a form of counter-revolutionary politics that first arose in the early pa ...