Part one of term paper
is a name given by historians to an intellectual movement that was predominant in the Western world during the 18th century. Strongly influenced by the rise of modern science and by the aftermath of the long religious conflict that followed the Reformation, the thinkers of (called philosophes in France) were committed to secular views base ...

Part two of term paper
... rationalism deriving its method from science and natural philosophy that would replace religion as the means of knowing nature and destiny of humanity; these men were materialists, patheists, or atheists. Other enlightened thinkers, such as Pierre BAyle, Voltaire, DAvid Hume, Jean Le ROnd D'alembert, and Immanuel Kant, opposed fanatacism, but were either agnostic or left room for some kind of religious faith. All of the philosophes saw themselves as continuing the work of the great 17th ce ...