Part one of term paper
When Japan defeated China in 1895, European powers answered with an order they called, “ carving up the Chinese melon.” Following the division of Africa among European powers, they turned their sights to what they saw as an extremely weak Chinese government. European powers and America began to scramble for what was called ̶ ...

Part two of term paper
... and had missed the opportunity and so insisted on the “open-door policy” in China were commercial opportunities were equally available to all Western powers and the political and territorial integrity of China stayed intact. The imperial court responded to this foreign threat by giving aid to various secret societies. Traditionally, secret societies had been formed in opposition to imperial government; as such, they were certainly a threat to the Ch’ing government. Howeve ...