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Changes In The Atmosphere Causing Multicellularity

... of water nearly impossible. These changes made life on land possible and evolution occurred as prokaryotes gave rise to land living eukaryotes. The microfossil record indicates that the first eukaryotes evolved at least 1.5 billion years ago. Eukaryotes are distinguished from prokaryotes by their larger size, the separation of nucleus from cytoplasm by a nuclear envelope, the association of DNA with histone proteins and its organization into a number off distinct chromosomes, and complex organelles, among which are chloroplasts an ...

Number of words: 471 | Number of pages: 2

Cloning And Its Implications

... believe this to be wrong. Beliefs say that scientists are “playing God.” What would the purposes of cloning be? Are some purposes just, while others are not? Cloning leads to many doubts and concerns, but for some people cloning is seen in hope and faith. The reasons behind cloning may be extremely different. Medical departments see cloning as a way of providing needed organs such as the heart and lung. Doctors might also view cloning as a way to find cures for diseases such as aids and cancer. Should people be created for the purp ...

Number of words: 954 | Number of pages: 4

American Alligator

... of cold and have been found frozen in ice at the most northern parts of their ranges (Beck). All of the family Crocodylidae is endangered. However, the has undergone a dramatic population resurgence because of human protection. Restrictions are still in place on capturing alligators from the wild (Beck). Studies have shown that using hormones such as norethindrone can be used to feminize alligator embryos at the male producing temperature (Lance, 79). This could lead to a way to help alligators increase in numbers of both sexes as well ...

Number of words: 1307 | Number of pages: 5

Lasers 3

... difficult at that time since the advanced machinery that was needed did not exist yet. It was not until the 1950's where the stage was set to build a laser. Charles Townes, a scientist, wanted to see if microwaves, which are very similar to light, might be stimulated to produce an amplified beam by the process that Albert Einstein described. Townes was successful in 1954 when he constructed what he called the maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser amplifies the number of photons that cause microwaves. A ...

Number of words: 809 | Number of pages: 3

History Of Birth Control

... jailed, she and her followers were instrumental in getting laws changed. In subsequent years, laws against birth control gradually weakened, and more effective methods were developed. Now a days there are several different methods of birth control. The first that I am going to talk about is called the rhythm method. As its synonym implies, this method is based on the assumption that, for each women, there is a rhythmic pattern of menstruation and ovulation that can be identified by keeping a careful record of the dates of menstruatio ...

Number of words: 455 | Number of pages: 2

Vivisection

... tool for scientists and doctors to work in research and may benefit humans, the harms indeed outweigh the benefits. Animal experimentation was not common until the early nineteenth century and emerged as an important method of science. The first recorded action of vivisection was the study of body humors by Erasistratus in Alexandria during the third century (1:3). Later, in A.D. 129-200, the physician, Galen, used five pigs to investigate the effects of several nerves (1:4). He is considered to be the founder of experimental physiology. Dur ...

Number of words: 1437 | Number of pages: 6

Networks And Connectivity

... the transfer speed of the information was small , the size of the information tiny and the security of the communication was almost absence . The need for networks appears for the first time when Graham Bell set in use the telephone . He was talking with a friend of his with a single line , but later when he wanted to talk to another friend of his he needed to use another line to connect his phone and the phone of his friend . So imagine that he has X friends , he would need X(X-1)/2 lines and X-1 phones , that was impossible so the need o ...

Number of words: 2036 | Number of pages: 8

The Bunsen Burner

... going through the burner. To light the burner we had to open the needle value so the gas can flow through the burner. Then take a lighted match over the side to light it. Don’t allow any air when you are lighting the burner. When it is lit you will see a yellow flame. Then you would take the evaporating dish and put it in the flame for a few minutes. To see what would be collected on the dish. after you do that. Then you turn the barrel until you can’t see the yellow flame anymore. Then put the dish in the hottest part of the flame and ...

Number of words: 338 | Number of pages: 2

The Grasslands

... you see with gentle rolling hills all around you. Even rows of wheat stretch into the distance. You are near a white picket fenced farm with big cottonwoods shading it from the scorching sun. You have just visited a collective farm in the Soviet Union, a Masai village in Africa and Abilene, Kansas, which is located in the U.S. These three places are part of the world’s mid-latitude grassland region. Grasslands are usually found in the interior parts of most continents. The world’s grasslands are vast areas covered with grass and ...

Number of words: 1047 | Number of pages: 4

Effects Of Smoking 2

... nicotine addicts Cigarette smokers are just as much an addict as someone hooked on crack, cocaine, morphine or heroin. The folks that say they don't want to quit, because of the pleasure they derive from smoking, are not really speaking for themselves. It is their addiction speaking for them. It is that little addicted voice inside their minds rationalizing the addiction, because they know, it might hurt to quit. They know that there will be a sense of loss. They know that smoking is as much a part of their personality as being a happy person ...

Number of words: 385 | Number of pages: 2

Cloning Today

... role. In this paper we will be discussing the advantages of different types of clones, such as they are useful for research. We will also be discussing the disadvantages and different techniques that result from the cloning of different organisms. First lets start with the history of cloning. The modern era of laboratory cloning began in 1958 when F.C. Steward cloned carrot plants from mature single cells placed in a nutrient culture containing hormones. The first cloning of animal cells took place in 1964. John B. Gurdon took the nucl ...

Number of words: 918 | Number of pages: 4

Mononucleosis 2

... known as Drusenfieber or glandular fever which occurred in family outbreaks. However, the establishment of mono is given to Sprunt and Evans. In 1921 they pointed out the mononuclear lymphocytosis that was present in each patient they treated. Two years later, Downey and McKinaly provided more details of the lymphocytes as a marker that led to the disease. (6) The idea of EBV being connected to mono came about in 1958 by Burkitt. There were some cases in Africa of young children having tumors in their jaw and dying even when the tumor was ...

Number of words: 1151 | Number of pages: 5

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