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The Sequence Of Chemical Reactions

... administered. EXPERIMENTAL On an analytical balance, measure the mass of the copper while in the vial. Remove approximately 0.35 g into a 250 mL beaker. check the balance and record the mass of the remaining mixture in the vial. In the laboratory hood, dissolve the copper with ~ 3 mL of nitric acid. Allow the beaker to remain under the hood until the fumes cease. The remaining solution should be blue. Bring the beaker back to the lab station and add ~ 10 mL of distilled water. Stir the mixture, all the while adding ~ 8 mL of 6M of Na ...

Number of words: 590 | Number of pages: 3

Infectious Diseases

... diseases are relentless in their efforts for perfection, adapting, and becoming resistant to new antibiotics, antiviral medications, and new forms of treatment. They are able to mutate, split, divide, and create perfect clones of themselves at alarming rates. The efficiency that these diseases carry is also alarming. They are able to lie dormant for years before attacking their next victim. It is for this reason that the number of cases increases on a yearly basis. This is why individuals should take further precautions in preventing t ...

Number of words: 2610 | Number of pages: 10

Carbon

... provides common fuels--coal, oil, gasoline, and natural gas. Sugar, starch, and paper are compounds of carbon with hydrogen and oxygen. Proteins such as hair, meat, and silk contain these and other elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. More than six and a half million compounds of the element carbon, many times more then those of any other element, are known, and more are discovered and synthesized each week. Hundreds of carbon compounds are commercially important but the element itself in the forms of diamond, graphite, ...

Number of words: 182 | Number of pages: 1

Human Evolution And The Fossil Record

... potassium-argon dating. Carbon-14 dating involves the decay of radioactive C-14, which has a half life of 5770 years. This makes this method useful for dating of recent fossils, with good accuracy, up to 50,000 years back. After 5770 years, half of the carbon-14 in a fossil decays to nitrogen-14. Since the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in a living organism remains the same as in the environment around them because the organism constantly eats and replenishes it, if it were to die, the ratio would change greatly after many years. It is ...

Number of words: 1751 | Number of pages: 7

Our Radiant Planet- Depletion Of The Ozone Layer

... ozone destruction. The largest group among these are chloroflurocarbons (CFC's). At ground level, these molecules are very stable and have many uses in industrial and domestic applications, such as in spray cans, industrial solvents, degreasing compounds, and cooling in fridges. However when released into the stratosphere, such molecules can be broken down by energetic light rays (UV-C radiation) in a reaction that liberates an atom of chlorine, which destroys ozone by oxidising with the Ozone molecules, forming Cl-O and Oxygen. One atom of c ...

Number of words: 978 | Number of pages: 4

The Depletion Of Ozone Layer

... materials it comes in contact with, including such biological substances as cells and tissues. Far above the earth, ozone forms naturally as oxygen produced from living things moves from the troposphere, the layer of air nearest to the earth surface, to the stratosphere. Air in the stratosphere absorbs solar energy, or heat from the sun, which in turn creates a photochemical reaction that produces ozone – a benefit to the environment since ozone protects people, plants, and animals from harmful radiation. The ozone layer is import ...

Number of words: 2615 | Number of pages: 10

Barbituates

... a new drug, barbitol. What they were looking for was a drug that would combat the effects of anxiety and nervousness. They were successful but the side effects were too great. Barbiturates are drugs that cause depression of the central nervous system and are generally used to induce europhia. D.C. Heath’s Perspectives on HEALTH defines europhia as a feeling of intense happiness and well being. Most users take the pills orally, often with alcohol. The most common way to get the barbiturates is in tablet form. Other ways to get ...

Number of words: 752 | Number of pages: 3

The Human Eye In Space

... which includes : # Optical factors- state of the image forming mechanisms of the eye. # Retinal factors such as the state of the cones. # Stimulus factors such as illumination, brightness of the stimulus, contrast between the stimulus and background, length of time exposed to the stimulus. * Minimum separable: shortest distance by which two lines can be separated and still be perceived as two lines. "During the day, the earth has a predominantly bluish cast..... I could detect individual houses and streets ...

Number of words: 907 | Number of pages: 4

Cryogenics And The Future

... scientists use a different measurement called the Kelvin (K). The Kelvin scale for Cryogenics goes from 173 K to a fraction of a Kelvin above absolute zero. There are also two main sciences used in cryogenics, and they are Superconductivity and Superfluidity. Cryogenics first came about in 1877, when a Swiss Physicist named Rasul Pictet and a French Engineer named Louis P. Cailletet liquefied oxygen for the first time. Cailletet created liquid oxygen in his lab using a process known as adiabatic expansion, which is a "thermodynamic process in ...

Number of words: 1237 | Number of pages: 5

Bacterial Conjugation Experiment

... referred to as 'female' or F-), and the two cells are attached. This process is called conjugation. The third manifestation of the F factor is Hfr, which is the term for the F element becoming integrated into the genome. When conjugation occurs, the F genes start travelling across the pilus, bringing the remainder of the genome behind it. Most often, the entire genome isn't transferred. The bacterial genome that is delivered can be measured in minutes from the origin of transfer. That is, the amount of time it takes for a particular g ...

Number of words: 1154 | Number of pages: 5

Mycardial Infarction

... almost always is higher after a myocardial infarction. The biggest threats after a heart attack are arrhythmias and cardiac standstill. An abnormal heart rate and rhythms in a patient after a heart attack often means the left ventricle is not pumping adequately. Congestive heart failure may be a threat at this time. Symptoms of a heart attack may begin suddenly, with a sharp, sever pain in the chest which may radiate to the left arm and shoulder. Other symptoms may include restlessness and confusion; the skin may be cold and clammy, dyspn ...

Number of words: 1420 | Number of pages: 6

Global Warning

... wasn’t." It’s that it "may be exacerbated by anthropogenic increases in the effective gasses, threatening a disruption to the equilibrium between incoming and outgoing energy, and a resulting average global warming." From 1880 to today, by many measurements, the global average temperature has increased by 0.5 Degrees Celsius. Human and ecological systems are already vulnerable to a range of environmental pressures, including climate e ...

Number of words: 793 | Number of pages: 3

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